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Between Two Lights: A Memoir of Divided Love and Adventures at Sea
Chapter 4 Thacher’s Woe
Drake, Samuel Adams. “Thacher’s Island.” In New-England Legends and Folklore, 244–251. Little, Brown, 1901. https://archive.org/details/bookofnewengland00dra/page/251/mode/1up.
Thacher, Anthony. “Anthony Thacher’s Shipwreck as Told in His Own Words.” In History of the Town of Rockport. 1888. https://vintagerockport.com/2011/06/10/anthony-thachers-shipwreck-as-told-in-his-own-words/
Chapter 5 Evolution
Gingerich, Philip D., Neil A. Wells, Donald E. Russell, and S. M. Ibrahim Shah. “Origin of Whales in Epicontinental Remnant Seas: New Evidence from the Early Eocene of Pakistan.” Science 220, no. 4595 (1983): 403–406.
Gingerich, Philip D. “Evolution of Whales from Land to Sea.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 156, no. 3 (2012): 309–323.
Thewissen, J. G. M., Lisa Noelle Cooper, John C. George, and Sunil Bajpai. “From Land to Water: The Origin of Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises.” Evolution: Education and Outreach 2, no. 2 (2009): 272–288.
Chapter 13 Curious Whales
Katona, Steven, Ben Baxter, Oliver Brazier, Scott Kraus, Judy Perkins, and Hal Whitehead. “Identification of Humpback Whales by Fluke Photographs.” In Behavior of Marine Animals: Current Perspectives in Research, 33–44. Springer US, 1979.
Slijper, Everhard J. Whales and Dolphins. The University of Michigan, 1962. https://archive.org/details/whales620slij/page/152/mode/2up.
Chapter 16 Sperm Whales
Ciarmatori, Cinzia. “Jane Goodall and the Role of Animal Subjectivity.” In Founding Figures of Zooanthropology, ed. C. Veronese and S. Tonutt, 82–92. International Society of Zooanthropology, 2025.
Cranford, Ted W. “The Sperm Whale’s Nose: Sexual Selection on a Grand Scale?” Marine Mammal Science 15, no. 4 (1999): 1133–1157.
Dolin, Eric Jay. Leviathan: The History of Whaling in America. W.W. Norton & Company, 2007.
Eguiguren, Ana, Christine M. Konrad Clarke, and Mauricio Cantor. “Sperm Whale Reproductive Strategies: Current Knowledge and Future Directions.” In Sex in Cetaceans: Morphology, Behavior, and the Evolution of Sexual Strategies, ed. B. Würsig and Dora N. Orbach, 443–467. Springer, 2023.
Gero, Shane, Dan Engelhaupt, Luke Rendell, and Hal Whitehead. “Who Cares? Between-Group Variation in Alloparental Caregiving in Sperm Whales.” Behavioral Ecology 20, no. 4 (2009): 838–843.
Gordon, Jonathan C. D. “Evaluation of a Method for Determining the Length of Sperm Whales (Physeter Catodon) from Their Vocalizations.” Journal of Zoology 224, no. 2 (1991): 301–314.
Gordon, Jonathan. Sperm Whales. Voyager Press, 1998.
Growcott, Abraham, Brian Miller, Pascal Sirguey, Elisabeth Slooten, and Stephen Dawson. “Measuring Body Length of Male Sperm Whales from Their Clicks: The Relationship Between Inter-Pulse Intervals and Photogrammetrically Measured Lengths.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 130, no. 1 (2011): 568–573.
Gruber, David, and Shane Gero. “How Does Whale Communication Work? Explore How Sperm Whales Use an Array of Complex Vocalizations to Communicate with Each Other, Hunt, and Assess Their Surroundings” (video). TED-Ed, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00Ar2_irvJk.
Konrad, Christine M., Shane Gero, Timothy Frasier, and Hal Whitehead. “Kinship Influences Sperm Whale Social Organization Within, but Generally Not Among, Social Units.” Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 8 (2018)
Lettevall, Erland, Christoph Richter, Nathalie Jaquet, Elizabeth Slooten, Steve Dawson, Hal Whitehead, Jenny Christal, and Penelope McCall Howard. “Social Structure and Residency in Aggregations of Male Sperm Whales.” Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 7 (2002): 1189–1196.
Mathews, Elizabeth Ann. “Multiple Use of Skin Biopsies Collected from Free-Ranging Gray Whales (Eschrichtius robustus).” Master’s thesis, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1986.
Mathews, Elizabeth A., Steven Keller, and David B. Weiner. “A Method to Collect and Process Skin Biopsies for Cell Culture from Free‐Ranging Gray Whales (Eschrichtius robustus).” Marine Mammal Science 4, no. 1 (1988): 1–12.
Melville, H. Moby Dick; or, The Whale, 501. Penguin, 1972 (1851). Cited in Whitehead, Hal. Sperm Whales: Social Evolution in the Ocean, 276. University of Chicago Press, 2003
Mesnick, Sarah L. “Genetic Relatedness in Sperm Whales: Evidence and Cultural Implications.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 2 (2001): 346–347.
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Norris, Kenneth S., and George W. Harvey. “A Theory for the Function of the Spermaceti Organ of the Sperm Whale (Physeter catodon L.).” No. CONTRIB-74. 1972.
Weilgart, Linda S., and Hal Whitehead. “Observations of a Sperm Whale (Physeter catodon) Birth.” Journal of Mammalogy 67, no. 2 (1986): 399–401. https://doi.org/10.2307/1380896.
Weilgart, Linda S., and Hal Whitehead. “Distinctive Vocalizations from Mature Male Sperm Whales (Physeter macrocephalus).” Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 9 (1988): 1931–1937.
Weilgart, Linda, Hal Whitehead, and Katharine Payne. “A Colossal Convergence.” American Scientist 84, no. 3 (1996): 278–287.
Whitehead, Hal. “Babysitting, Dive Synchrony, and Indications of Alloparental Care in Sperm Whales.” Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 38, no. 4 (1996): 237–244.
Whitehead, Hal. Sperm Whales: Social Evolution in the Ocean. University of Chicago Press, 2003.
Whitehead, Hal, Sebastian Brennan, and David Grover. “Distribution and Behaviour of Male Sperm Whales on the Scotian Shelf, Canada.” Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 5 (1992): 912–918.
Whitehead, Hal, Jonathan Gordon, Elizabeth A. Mathews, and Kenny R. Richard. “Obtaining Skin Samples from Living Sperm Whales.” Marine Mammal Science 6, no. 4 (1990): 316–326.
Whitehead, Hal, and Linda Weilgart. “Patterns of Visually Observable Behaviour and Vocalizations in Groups of Female Sperm Whales.” Behaviour (1991): 275–296.
Chapter 21 Abandoned
Caro, Tim, Karrie Beeman, Theodore Stankowich, and Hal Whitehead. “The Functional Significance of Colouration in Cetaceans.” Evolutionary Ecology 25, no. 6 (2011): 1231–1245.
Fiori, Lorenzo, Randall W. Davis, Bernd Würsig, and Dara N. Orbach. “Energetic Savings of Bow-Riding Dolphins.” Scientific Reports 14, no. 1 (2024): 30056.
Tershy, Bernie R., and David N. Wiley. “Asymmetrical Pigmentation in the Fin Whale: A Test of Two Feeding Related Hypotheses.” Marine Mammal Science 8, no. 3 (1992): 315–318.
Chapter 23 Volcanic Origin
Baird, Robin W. The Lives of Hawaiʻi’s Dolphins and Whales: Natural History and Conservation. University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2016.
Darling, Jim. Hawaii’s Humpbacks: Unveiling the Mysteries. Granville Island Publishing, 2009.
Chapter 24 Hostage
Tyack, Peter. “Interactions Between Singing Hawaiian Humpback Whales and Conspecifics Nearby.” Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 8, no. 2 (1981): 105–116.
Würsig, Bernd, Frank Cipriano, and Melany Würsig. “Dolphin Movement Patterns: Information from Radio and Theodolite Tracking Studies.” In Dolphin Societies: Discoveries and Puzzles, ed. Karen Pryor and Kenneth S. Norris, 79–112. University of California Press, 1991.
Chapter 25 Rough Water
Norris, Kenneth S., Bernd Würsig, Randall S. Wells, and Melany Würsig. The Hawaiian Spinner Dolphin. University of California Press, 1994.
Chapter 27 Pilot Whales
Barlow, Jay. “Cetacean Abundance in Hawaiian Waters Estimated from a Summer/Fall Survey in 2002.” Marine Mammal Science 22, no. 2 (2006): 446–464.
Betty, Emma L., Elizabeth M. J. Zwamborn, Mieke Weyn, Emma Luck, and Filipe Alves. “Life History Parameters, Sociobiology, and Reproductive Strategies of Pilot Whales.” In Sex in Cetaceans, ed. Bernd Würsig and Dora N. Orbach, 327–351. Springer, 2023.
Chittleborough, R. G. “The Breeding Cycle of the Female Humpback Whale, Megaptera nodosa (Bonnaterre).” Marine and Freshwater Research 9, no. 1 (1958): 1–18.
Darling, James D., and Martine Bérubé. “Interactions of Singing Humpback Whales with Other Males.” Marine Mammal Science 17, no. 3 (2001): 570–584.
Marsh, Helene, and Toshio Kasuya. “An Overview of the Changes in the Role of a Female Pilot Whale with Age.” In Dolphin Societies: Discoveries and Puzzles, ed. Karen Pryor and Kenneth S. Norris, 281–286. University of California Press, 1991.
Matthews, Leonard Harrison. “The Humpback Whale, Megaptera nodosa.” Discovery Reports 17 (1937): 7–92.
“Whale Watch, Sunspots, Lemons, Skunk.” Newton’s Apple (television series). Host: David Heil; field reporter: Peggy Knapp; writers: Kristian Berg and Carrie Maloney. Season 7. Episode 707. Aired November 25, 1989. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsaquEm7Odw.
Chapter 32 A Lone Dolphin is a Dead Dolphin
Ballance, Lisa T., Tim Gerrodette, Cleridy E. Lennert-Cody, Robert L. Pitman, and Dale Squires. “A History of the Tuna-Dolphin Problem: Successes, Failures, and Lessons Learned.” Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (2021): 754–755.
Lo, N. C. H., and T. D. Smith. “Incidental Mortality of Dolphins in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, 1959–72.” Fishery Bulletin 84, no. 1–2 (1971): 27.
Norris, Kenneth S. Dolphin Days, 93–131. Avon Books, 1993.
Norris, Kenneth S. “Comparative View of Cetacean Social Ecology, and Evolution.” In: Kenneth S. Norris, Bernd Würsig, Randall S. Wells, and Melany Würsig. The Hawaiian Spinner Dolphin. University of California Press, 1994. Quotes from pp. 311-316.
Norris, Kenneth S., John H. Prescott, Paul V. Asa-Dorian, and Paul Perkins. "An experimental demonstration of echolocation behavior in the porpoise, Tursiops truncatus (Montagu)." The Biological Bulletin 120, no. 2 (1961): 163-176.
Perrin, William F. “Early Days of the Tuna/Dolphin Problem: The Accidental Cetologist.” Aquatic Mammals 35, no. 2 (2009): 293.
Pryor, Karen, and Kenneth S. Norris. “The Tuna/Porpoise Problem: Behavioral Aspects.” Oceanus 21, no. 2 (1978).
Pryor, Karen, and Ingrid Kang Shallenberger. “Social Structure in Spotted Dolphins (Stenella attenuata) in the Tuna Purse-Seine Fishery in the Eastern Tropical Pacific.” In Dolphin Societies: Discoveries and Puzzles, ed. Karen Pryor and Kenneth S. Norris, 161–198. University of California Press, 1991.
Scott, Michael D., Susan J. Chivers, Robert J. Olson, Paul C. Fiedler, and Kim Holland. “Pelagic Predator Associations: Tuna and Dolphins in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean.” Marine Ecology Progress Series 458 (2012): 283–302.
Chapter 33 The Trailer
Norris, Kenneth Stafford. Dolphin Days: The Life and Times of the Spinner Dolphin. Avon Books, 1993.
Chapter 34 Alaska: Cross-Species Empathy
Bigg, Michael A., Graeme M. Ellis, John K. B. Ford, and K. C. Balcomb III. Killer Whales: A Study of Their Identification, Genealogy and Natural History in British Columbia and Washington State. Phantom Press, 1987.
Ford, John K. B., Graeme M. Ellis, Lance G. Barrett-Lennard, Alexandra B. Morton, Rod S. Palm, and Kenneth C. Balcomb III. “Dietary Specialization in Two Sympatric Populations of Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) in Coastal British Columbia and Adjacent Waters.” Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, no. 8 (1998): 1456–1471.
Pitman, Robert L., Volker B. Deecke, Christine M. Gabriele, Mridula Srinivasan, Nancy Black, Judith Denkinger, John W. Durban, Elizabeth A. Mathews, Dena R. Matkin, Janet L. Neilson, Alisa Schulman-Janiger, Debra Shearwater, Peggy Stap, and Richard Ternullo. “Humpback Whales Interfering When Mammal‐Eating Killer Whales Attack Other Species: Mobbing Behavior and Interspecific Altruism?” Marine Mammal Science 33, no. 1 (2017): 7–58. DOI: 10.1111/mms.12343.
Chapter 37 Like the Dolphins
Kanwisher, J. W. “Physiology of a Small Cetacean.” Hvalradets Skrifter 48 (1965): 45.
Tempest Williams, Terry. Refuge: An Unnatural History of Family and Place. Vintage Publishing, 1992.
Chapter 38 Marathon
Shane, S. H. “Relationship Between Pilot Whales and Risso’s Dolphins at Santa Catalina Island, California, USA.” Marine Ecology Progress Series 125 (1995): 5–1.
Chapter 39 Choices
Wells, Randall S. “The Role of Long-Term Study in Understanding the Social Structure of a Bottlenose Dolphin Community.” In Dolphin Societies: Discoveries and Puzzles, ed. Karen Pryor and Kenneth S. Norris, 199–226, Figure 6.6. Illustrations by Elizabeth A. Mathews. University of California Press, 1991.